{"id":1196,"date":"2021-09-01T03:58:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-01T03:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ghadaamer.com\/?p=1196"},"modified":"2021-08-31T04:08:43","modified_gmt":"2021-08-31T04:08:43","slug":"modern-millefleurs-part-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ghadaamer.com\/gardens\/modern-millefleurs-part-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Modern Millefleurs &#8211; Part I"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Created in different renditions for different locations around the world, Ghada Amer\u2019s series of <em>Women\u2019s Qualities <\/em>gardens use plants and flowers to spell out words commonly associated with women\u2019s traits in block letters. Instead of painting flowers with oils or pastels, or even with thread \u2013 one of her signature mediums \u2013 Amer \u201cpaints\u201d an organic canvas with different types of flora rising out of the ground to form words for visitors to read and peruse.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Flowers and plants have long been used in art to communicate women\u2019s qualities or values and to play a decorative role as well as a symbolic one in creative works. Woven <em>millefleurs <\/em>(literally \u201cthousand flowers,\u201d in French) were often used to communicate religious or secular ideas, as Eleanor C. Marquand explained in her detailed study of the <em>Unicorn Tapestries<\/em>, \u201cPlant Symbolism in the Unicorn Tapestries,\u201d 1938. (1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <em>Unicorn Tapestries, <\/em>drawn in Paris around 1500 and gifted to the Metropolitan Museum of Art by John D. Rockefeller in the 1930s, are a remarkable set of works that provide an interesting complement and foil to Amer\u2019s contemporary garden. For example, the various plants and flowers that appear in <em>The Unicorn Rests in a Garden<\/em>, such as the pomegranate, the wild orchid, and the thistle, are used to represent fertility, marriage, and procreation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/PxjN4GnAU5XxGCKJdLkw8p1j0WQo0hmMrUvdjseo3xnVJsafeTavDD-2eC_mSz8q4cbhR6SQeYnnQDYT2S3TPJA1nvLZeIsuUEsJMlT9i-iRsLEREL1dAH_BafJ3XGSK5R4q3OU=s0\" alt=\"The Unicorn Rests in a Garden (from the Unicorn Tapestries), Wool warp with wool, silk, silver, and gilt wefts, French (cartoon)\/South Netherlandish (woven) \"\/><figcaption>Figure 1 (L). <em>The Unicorn Rests in a Garden<\/em> (from <em>The Unicorn Tapestries<\/em>),1495\u20131505. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/FPhoDYl8o6eEcX6KfIvbxm5tlAsBRSMrMv2IJFRb9eFYqHyp_Z472uVkn_Tv4R7V8Zd61gWs5ZpInuRsssiFC1DdwhfO7p6GDofgD3i_WRjJdjP0NCjsx1yxlJVrRGtHS6ijCRE=s0\" alt=\"The Unicorn Rests in a Garden (from the Unicorn Tapestries), Wool warp with wool, silk, silver, and gilt wefts, French (cartoon)\/South Netherlandish (woven) \"\/><figcaption>Figure 2 (R). Detail, <em>The Unicorn Rests in a Garden<\/em> (from <em>The Unicorn Tapestries<\/em>), 1495\u20131505. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The innovation in Amer\u2019s approach to writing with flowers is moving them from the background or periphery of an artwork to becoming the artwork itself.&nbsp; Amer\u2019s plants and flowers are no longer the background filler, but rather the center of the living canvas of the garden. The transformation of gardens, plants, and flowers from decorative elements to subjects and methods of communication changes their symbolism from implicit to explicit. Before, flowers suggested or symbolized qualities &#8211; now, qualities are deliberately spelled out by flowers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Twenty years after the first <em>Women\u2019s Qualities<\/em> garden in South Korea (2000), Amer created a second rendition in New York City in 2020. This time, she asked different personal and professional contacts as well as passersby at the Rockefeller Center (yes, the same Rockefeller who gave the tapestries to the Met) what their most important women\u2019s qualities would be. This questionnaire resulted in the twelve words <em>Hard Working<\/em>, <em>Good Cook<\/em>, <em>Strong<\/em>, <em>Resilient<\/em>, <em>Beautiful<\/em>, <em>Sexy,<\/em> <em>Happy<\/em>, <em>Nurturing<\/em>, <em>Smart<\/em>, <em>Patient<\/em>, <em>Kind<\/em>, <em>Independent<\/em>, and <em>Elegant. <\/em>Importantly, these words were planted using a variety of flowers with medicinal properties, a choice made by Amer to represent the long history of women\u2019s roles as gatherers and providers, and their knowledge of medicine and healing. Once again, Amer\u2019s flowers are not just decorative \u2013 and in addition to clearly communicating qualities, they also represent food for the body and for the soul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/3aTCcler8O9N5KMjElaZjACedqd3X7zpkuCQoljcuObBP_TyG3AE3avI6E28ZOajyyTFzU4q7EPGaXIlIdAPz1huPkxRBKNWQxnTbCuwZO1qmwUiPZlcfyRH1BTpFA=s0\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption>Figure 3. Ghada Amer, Women\u2019s Qualities &#8211; Resilient (2020)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The flower symbolism in the <em>Unicorn Tapestries<\/em> and Amer\u2019s Rockefeller Garden communicate messages about women, but also messages about what it means to be a woman artist. The practice of painting with flowers, like Amer\u2019s practice of painting with embroidery, is another initiative to elevate women\u2019s knowledge and expertise in embroidery and gardening, long classified as craftwork, to high culture. &#8220;I thought, what would a woman do if she was outside \u2013 not embroidering? She would garden,&#8221; Amer said in an interview about Women\u2019s Qualities to the National newspaper in 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Via her greening of a corner of New York\u2019s urban jungle &#8211; part of a movement to introduce garden spaces into urban settings &#8211; Amer\u2019s act of creating a garden and spelling out women\u2019s qualities can&nbsp; also ultimately be read as an empowering, feminizing action. Using gardens &#8211;sources of healing and nourishment, and places of personal and creative expression &#8212; as her medium, women\u2019s qualities are brought into focus in the otherwise masculine and sterile environment of downtown New York\u2019s phallic skyscrapers, paved concrete, and polished metal.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/QmSquNW1IqNHShiim-A_LMbnPfSGWV78BZx_TSsHH6z9Vldq-jfdPopA1_gInRyGmlaDKg01bqv10xP4IITKz_IbMmjUZ_F3WZDnB-wuQmfKMYuWjITxNiNZnQ5xVg=s0\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption><em>Figure 4 &#8211; Ghada Amer, Women\u2019s Qualities (2020)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sources:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1)<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/771669\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> Marquand, Eleanor C. \u201cPlant Symbolism in the Unicorn Tapestries.Parnassus\u201d,&nbsp; Oct., 1938, Vol. 10, No. 5 (Oct., 1938)<\/a>, pp. 2-8+33+40 Published by: CAA Stable&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(2) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/467642?searchField=All&amp;sortBy=Relevance&amp;ft=unicorn+tapestries&amp;offset=0&amp;rpp=20&amp;pos=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Unicorn Rests in a Garden<\/a> (from the Unicorn Tapestries).<\/em> The Metropolitan Museum of Art.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(3) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/arts-culture\/art\/what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-woman-artist-ghada-amer-spells-it-out-in-flowers-1.1075767\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gronlund, Melissa. \u201cWhat does it mean to be a woman? Artist Ghada Amer spells it out in flowers\u201d<\/a>. The National, September 10, 2020.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Created in different renditions for different locations around the world, Ghada Amer\u2019s series of Women\u2019s Qualities gardens use plants and flowers to spell out words commonly associated with women\u2019s traits in block letters. Instead of painting flowers with oils or pastels, or even with thread \u2013 one of her signature mediums \u2013 Amer \u201cpaints\u201d an [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1197,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[41,42,44,38,43,40,39,46,45,22,14,47,21],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Modern Millefleurs - Part I - Ghada Amer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ghadaamer.com\/gardens\/modern-millefleurs-part-i\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Modern Millefleurs - Part I - Ghada Amer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Created in different renditions for different locations around the world, Ghada Amer\u2019s series of Women\u2019s Qualities gardens use plants and flowers to spell out words commonly associated with women\u2019s traits in block letters. Instead of painting flowers with oils or pastels, or even with thread \u2013 one of her signature mediums \u2013 Amer \u201cpaints\u201d an [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ghadaamer.com\/gardens\/modern-millefleurs-part-i\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ghada Amer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/GhadaAmerStudios\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-09-01T03:58:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-08-31T04:08:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/e3ciad4zx6e.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Womens-Qualities-Kind.jpg?strip=all&lossy=1&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Isabella Archer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Ghada_Amer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Ghada_Amer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Isabella Archer\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ghadaamer.com\/gardens\/modern-millefleurs-part-i\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ghadaamer.com\/gardens\/modern-millefleurs-part-i\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Isabella Archer\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ghadaamer.com\/#\/schema\/person\/eb3074c26f8bb3b16ff8dba743cc728e\"},\"headline\":\"Modern Millefleurs &#8211; 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